@melvinsilva said in Spanning Tree Protocol - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof Messer:

I had experience when "users" manipulate patch panel or switch and plug both end of the cable (patch cord) to the same switch, creating a physical loop, but STP blocks this and prevent network issues.

Yeah, having switches that have STP turned on by default can be such a life saver in those situations. One place I worked liked to put in unmanaged switches all over the place. Caused me multiple long nights just tracking down which switch was the issue and then finding the loop cable. I knew exactly what was going on, finding it without good documentation and people saying "Oh, there's another network thingy over here." was just so much.... fun.

In big companies how use VoIP for production for example, this is a most, QoS needs to be very well deployed, to improve users/clients experience using the phone.

@melvinsilva said in IGP and EGP - CompTIA Network+ N10-007:

@scottalanmiller I Will Add; "Only by WAN Network Administrators".

No, internal too. In fact, most, by far, are internal. You only have a few big WAN connections with most companies. But you might have hundreds or thousands of internal routes that have to be managed.

@mary It depends of manufacturer or vendor. Now in this times everyone is using "Standard Protocols"

Both required a good initial configuration, but when "issues" occurs like link flaps or ISP outage (when MPLS fails), Dynamic may affect Router performance (CPU, Memory, etc).

Using Dynamic Routing; if you have no backup link or you dont have a proper failover configuration with correct threshold, the network updates will cause router performance degradation. It constantly will try to reach destination via default gateway.

Using Static Routing; If you have not a recovery plan or a back door to enter the remote router, you will have zero access to that device until link or issue is restored. Packets will be forwarded to a dead route.

For both, Initial design and configuration is the Key, when issues happens troubleshooting is a nightmare when things are not well done.

@scottalanmiller said in Protocol Data Units - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof Messer:

@WrCombs said in Protocol Data Units - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof Messer:

Why would you not want to fragment a frame?

Performance. Fragmentation takes time and effort. If you can avoid it, there is less work to be done and, all other things being equal, that means cheaper equipment going faster.

Ah, That makes sense.

Watched this one during lunch today, I thought This was a good way to explain Network behavor.

I'd like to think of "L3 switch" as being short for switch with layer 3 functions.
Often they are used for routing traffic between VLANs. A router can do that as well but a L3 switch can usually do faster and on more ports at the same time.

Typical is to have a bunch of L2 switches where the end points connect and then the L2 switches are uplinked to one L3 switch that takes care connecting the L2 switches together and do inter-VLAN routing.

There are also L3 Lite switches (aka L2+) which are L2 switches with a limited L3 functionality like for instance static routing.

L3 switches are usually the ones with the most features in all categories so sometimes you need to buy a L3 switch because you are after some other feature, like redundant power or what not.

In small networks L3 switches are usually not needed.

As an example Dell's PowerSwitches for instance are managed switches for building out the network to end points (campus).

They are like this:

N1100 series - L2 switch N1500 series - L3 Lite switch N2000, N3000 series - L3 switch

They have the same OS and work the same but each step up in the series gives you more features and more speed and higher cost.

@popester said in Training sites?:

Does anyone have a suggestion for, a website that would be comparable to Oreilly? Not necessarily looking for free.

Nothing truly compares. The IT space has only a fraction of the resources of the dev space overall.

@mary said in Cloud Services and Delivery Models - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof. Messer:

At what point is it worth having your own data center? I would think the cost of it wouldn't be worth it for most.

Your own, meaning you own the facility rather than colo? That one is pretty easy....

You would go to your own datacenter when the cost to get the features you need from colo exceeds the cost to build and maintain your own (this would likely happen at around 15-60% of filling a single colo location.) And your staffing needs will play into this, if the colo has 24x7 support, and you only need 16x6, you might lower your own cost that way.

This is assuming you don't need the flexibility of putting equipment in and out from time to time or using multiple sites for it, like colo easily allows.

@mary said in Wireless Network Technologies - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof. Messer:

Do the frequencies used self modulate within the router? What I'm wondering is if when setting up a dsl connection if it automatically defaults to a specific frequency or is it constantly switching.

DSL is the wired bit. Wifi is from the access point. And this will depend on the protocol chosen. 802.11 b for example requires thebfrequency be set.

@scottalanmiller exactly what I was looking for!

@Dashrender said in Classful Subnetting - CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Prof. Messer:

they aren't something that's really in use anymore,

Since the 90's......
CIDR was introduced in 1993
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classful_network